ش | ی | د | س | چ | پ | ج |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
28 | 29 | 30 |
The present participle of most verbs has the form base+ing and is used in the following ways:
a. as part of the continuous form of a verb
(See continuous tenses in VERB TENSES)
b. after verbs of movement/position in the pattern: verb + present participle
This construction is particularly useful with the verb 'to go', as in these common expressions :
to go shopping | to go walking |
c. after verbs of perception in the pattern:
verb + object + present participle
NOTE: There is a difference in meaning when such a sentence contains a zero-infinitiverather than a participle. The infinitive refers to a complete action, or part of an action.:
Compare:
d. as an adjective
amazing, worrying, exciting, boring
e. with the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern: verb + time/money expression + present participle
f. with the verbs catch and find, in the pattern: verb + object + present participle:
With catch, the participle always refers to an action which causes annoyance or anger:
This is not the case with find, which is unemotional:
g. to replace a sentence or part of a sentence:
When two actions occur at the same time, and are done by the same person or thing, we can use a present participle to describe one of them:
When one action follows very quickly after another done by the same person or thing, we can express the first action with a present participle:
The present participle can be used instead of a phrase starting as, since, because, and it explains the cause or reason for an action: